Al bakri the book of routes and realms control

Writings of ibn hawqal 951 on salt and the oasis of awdaghost. The earliest reference to ghana as a town is by al khuwarizmi who died in around 846 ad. Nayef al bakri is a yemeni politician who serves as minister of youth and sports in the cabinet of prime minister khaled bahah. The book of routes and realms abu ubaydallah al bakri located south of the sahara desert is a broad expanse of grasslands, or savanna, that stretches across the breadth of the african continent from the atlantic ocean to the red sea. Albakri a muslim geographer based in cordoba whose book of routes and realms is one of the earliest written sources about africa. In his book of routes and realms, published in 1063, albakri describes royal succession in kawkaw, the medieval name for gao. Zulkifli mohamad al bakri s most popular book is kuasa iqra.

Al bakri the book of routes and realms 34 qsi ap world history sec e05 al bakri the b. In the time that he was writing, mali did not yet exist as a kingdom. These excerpts come from al bakris book of routes and realms, written in 1068. According to the description of the town left by albakri in 10671068, the capital. Nov 01, 2020 al bakri, in the book of routes and realms, indicates clearly that a substantial part of ghana was muslim already before 1068 half of the capital was muslim, and there were mosques, salaried imams, islamic jurists, scholars, etc.

He collected his information from other arab historians and from andalusian arabs who had traveled to west africa. The al bakri crater on the moon is named after this great 11th century scholar. Book of roads and kingdoms or book of highways and kingdoms is the name of an eleventhcentury geography text by abu abdullah al bakri. Al bakri, the book of routes and realms introduction. Al bakri was an andalusian historian best known for combining both history and geography in his works. Book of roads and kingdoms or book of highways and kingdoms arabic. Albakri, the book of routes and realms, cited in levitzion and. Al bakri made use of earlier sources and it is likely that his description of aoudaghost comes from the writings of muhammad b. Abu ubayd al aziz al bakri1010circa 1075 geographer sourcesspanish muslim. When his father was deposed by al mutadid he moved to cordoba, where he studied with the geographer al udri and the historian ibn hayyan.

He recorded a large amount of his travels mainly impressive parts of the empire. The book of routes and realms abu ubaydallah al bakrilocated south of the sahara desert is a broad expanse of grasslands, or savanna. Al bakri, the book of routes and realms the city of ghana consists of two towns. According to al bakri s book of routes and places, sufrite kharijites first settled the town in the wake of the berber revolts against the umayyads. Abu ubayd alaziz albakri lived in the eleventh century and died in 1094. The religion in ghana is very paganistic, with a large focus on material gain and wealth.

In his book of routes and realms, published in 1063, al bakri describes royal succession in kawkaw, the medieval name for gao. When his father was deposed by al mutadid he moved to cordoba where he studied with the geographer al udri and the historian ibn hayyan. The historian and geographer abu ubayd al bakri died 1094 provided information about the saharan caravan trade to a readership hungry to learn about faraway trading partners. Albakri, the book of routes and realms introduction.

This first hand of account of al bakri s experience in ghana shows how he sees the great success of this kingdom. Feb 02, 2021 the following description of the kingdom of ghana was written by al bakri, a member of a prominent spanish arab family who lived during the 11th century. A muslim geographer, he lived most of his life in cordova and almeria, and never left islamic spain. Apr 29, 2016 al bakri is perhaps better known for his kitab al masalik wa al mamalik the book of routes and realms, one of the most important sources for the history of west africa and the sahara, including crucial information on the ghana empire circa 300. Zulkifli mohamad al bakri has 80 books on goodreads with 2008 ratings. Al bakri, from the book of routes and realms, quoted in corpus of early arabic sources for west african history, edited by levtzion and hopkins. He is known for his meticulous and thorough methodology. A large amount of gold is in this kingdom, this showing the pure wealth and value. To the arabs this region was known as bilad al sudan the country of the blacks.

He never travelled to the locations of which he wrote. Abu ubaydallah albakri, the book of routes and realms. The following description of the kingdom of ghana was written by al bakri, a member of a prominent spanish arab family who lived during the 11th century. Page 1 abu ubaydallah al bakri, the book of routes and realms 9 th century abu ubaydallah al bakri ca. Albakri was born in huelva, the son of the sovereign of the shortlived principality there. The prosperity and power of the ghana empire flourished on. Normans from france invaded saxon england two years prior. There was no standard currency throughout the realm, but several. Abu hamid muhammad al andalusi al gharnati, from gift of the spirit ca. He lived his entire life in alandalus and never visited mali. Al bakri a muslim geographer based in cordoba whose book of routes and realms is one of the earliest written sources about africa.

After west african kings converted to islam, they started to exercise more control of local rulers. Mar 14, 20 al bakri, from the book of routes and realms, quoted in corpus of early arabic sources for west african history, edited by levtzion and hopkins. Al bakri, the book of routes and realms, cited in levitzion and. Al bakri never visited the region but obtained his information from earlier writers and from informants. Abu ubaydallah albakri, the book of routes and realms albakri is very well know for his travels throughout the islamic world. Ibn hawqal based his great work of geography on a revision and augmentation of the text called masalik ulmamalik by istakhri 951 ad, which itself was a revised edition of the. Abu ubayd al aziz al bakri lived in the eleventh century and died in 1094. Historical significance of ancient primary sources 2073. A grant given by the caliph to someone who promised to collect taxes and pay the caliph a certain amount of money from their region, over which the caliph retained only nominal control. The conceptual innovation at the heart of the book is its identification of a discourse of place, a framework for approaching formal texts devoted to the representation of territory across genres. The son of a muslim governor of the province of huelva and saltes in southwest spain, albakri spent most of his life in cordoba, spain, becoming an accomplished scholar and diplomat.

Kung woman secondary source readings marshall sahlins, stone age economics james scott, the moral economy of the peasant. It was written in 10678 in cordoba, alandalus present day spain. The essay was written in 1067 and provides a historical context for the city of ghana, which no longer exists. Books by zulkifli mohamad albakri author of kuasa iqra. Hopkins, corpus of early arabic sources for west african history, cambridge university press, 1981 pp. One of the books written by the author is the book of routes and realms. In his book of routes and realms, published in 1063, al bakri describes royal succession in kawkaw presentday gao. The essay was written in 1067 and provides a historical context for. Nov 25, 2017 al bakri s readers were muslim so he may have exaggerated the status of islam in west africa, and they wanted gold so, again, he may have exaggerated the spectacle of this glamour. The kings town is six miles distant from this one and bears the name of al. In need of salt sierra leone and west africa before the 1500s by. Al bakri was born in huelva, the son of the sovereign of the short lived principality of huelva.

To give a sense of the empires size, the best gold came from a town 18 days travel from the king, through continuous dwellings of tribes. His bestknown work is kitab almasalik walmamalik book of routes and realms, 1068, which includes descriptions of the empire of ghana and the transsaharan trade routes that linked it to the arab world. When a king ascends the throne, he is handed a signet ring, a sword, and a copy of the quran, which, as they assert, were sent to them by the commander of the faithful. Being a muslim historian, al bakri documented his observations of the way muslim people led their lives with the main focus on customs and traditions. After zawila, carrying on directly south, traders eventually reached the kingdom of kanem near lake chad, a flourishing commercial centres between the 9th and 14th centuries. The peak of control and wealth for the empire was 800 ce, and it. Al bakri who wrote in eleventh century described the capital of ghana as consisting of two towns 10 kilometres 6 mi apart, one.

Albakri, roads and kingdoms 1067 ce the author albakri is in many ways analogous to strabo. Moreover, the ruins of the kings town of alghaba have not been found. Chapter 11 expanding trade networks in africa and india. In need of salt sierra leone and west africa before the. Baghdad the city of the arabian nights was founded in 764 ce. Hohman april 9, 2020 importance of al bakri s the book. The book of routes and realms abu ubaydallah al bakri.

Pages 6287 contain an extract from the book of routes and realms describing west africa. The transmission of islamic knowledge in moorish society. His father was the ruler of a small province that lost its independence when al bakri s father was deposed and killed. His father was the ruler of a small province that lost its independence when albakris father was deposed and killed.

Koumbi saleh, sometimes kumbi saleh is the site of a ruined medieval town in south east mauritania that may have been the capital of the ghana empire from the ninth century, arab authors mention the ghana empire in connection with the transsaharan gold trade. He was born to elite arabspeaking parents in southern iberia while it was ruled by muslims, and became a scholar who produced a geography called roads and kingdoms or, alternately translated. Importance of albakri\u2019s the book of routes and realms. What this city which represented the crown of medieval muslim civilization resembled, is told.

Control of highdemand trade products like gold and salt allowed ghana and mali to become powerful and wealthy. One of these towns, which is inhabited by muslims, is large and has twelve mosques, in one of which they assemble for the friday prayer. The residences and migrations of arab tribes world. Page 1 abu ubaydallah albakri, the book of routes and real ms9thcentury abu ubaydallah albakri ca.

Sources of world societies, volume 1 3rd edition merry e. Since then their rulers have been given the title of al musulmani. The meeting point grew, connecting caravan routes that came up from the south. The book of routes and realms abu ubaydallah al bakrilocated south of the sahara desert is a broad expanse of grasslands, or savanna, that stretches across the breadth of the african continent from the atlantic ocean to the red sea. A longer excerpt of al bakri s writings can be found here. The book of routes and realms abu ubaydallah al bakri ghana is a title given to their kings. Abu ubaydallah al bakri, from the book of routes and realms ca.

View importance of al bakri s the book of routes and realms. Muslims in the middle east and north african developed. In what ways were the cultures of the people whom ibn battuta encountered a mixture of native african and muslim elements. Source for information on abu ubayd al aziz albakri. He was appointed in midseptember 2015, succeeding rafat al akhali. Al bakri is perhaps better known for his kitab al masalik wa al mamalik the book of routes and realms, one of the most important sources for the history of west africa and the sahara, including crucial information on the ghana empire circa 300. Al bakri moved to cordoba, studied geography and history, and spent the rest of his life in alandalus, mostly in sevilla. The book of routes and realms, by abu ubaydallah al bakri, eleventhcentury muslim historian and geographer. Albakri project gutenberg selfpublishing ebooks read. Beyond this country lies another called malal, the king of which was sincerely attached to islam, while the common people of his kingdom remained polytheists. The only detailed description that we have for the town is given by al bakri in his book of routes and realms which was completed in 1068. Kingdom of ghana african studies center boston university. He spent his entire life in al andalus, most of it in seville and almeria.

Ap world history chapter 9 vocab flashcards quizlet. Nafis ahmad, muslim contribution to geography lahore. What this city which represented the crown of medieval muslim civilization resembled, is told by an author who saw baghdad in its glory. Al bakri crater a tangent of my research provides a visual analogy of this post my classics book club is reading the book of routes and realms by abu ubaydallah al bakri and i wanted to use this blog post to orient myself. Koumbi saleh, the racially segregated capital of the ghana. Abu ubaydallah al bakri, the book of routes and realms blue. Scholar from cordoba in old spanish al andalus andalusia wrote the book of the routes and realms 1068 ad. Sijilmasa project gutenberg selfpublishing ebooks read. He wrote about the sahara after gathering information from merchants and other visitors. My classics book club is reading the book of routes and realms by abu ubaydallah albakri and i wanted to use this blog post to orient myself. Abu ubaydallah al bakri, the book of routes and realms.